说通俗点,PHP中使用trait关键字是为了解决一个类既想集成基类的属性和方法,又想拥有别的基类的方法,而trait一般情况下是和use搭配使用的。<?php
trait Drive {
public $carName = 'trait';
public function driving() {
echo "driving {$this->carName}
";
}
}
class Person {
public function eat() {
echo "eat
";
}
}
class Student extends Person {
use Drive;
public function study() {
echo "study
";
}
}
$student = new Student();
$student->study();
$student->eat();
$student->driving();
?>输出结果如下: study
eat
driving trait 上面的例子中,Student类通过Person,有了eat方法,通过组合Drive,有了driving方法和属性carName。 如果Trait、基类和本类中都存在某个同名的属性或者方法,最终会保留哪一个呢? <?php
trait Drive {
public function hello() {
echo "hello drive
";
}
public function driving() {
echo "driving from drive
";
}
}
class Person {
public function hello() {
echo "hello person
";
}
public function driving() {
echo "driving from person
";
}
}
class Student extends Person {
use Drive;
public function hello() {
echo "hello student
";
}
}
$student = new Student();
$student->hello();
$student->driving();
?>输出结果如下: hello student
driving from drive 因此得出结论:当方法或属性同名时,当前类中的方法会覆盖 trait的 方法,而 trait 的方法又覆盖了基类中的方法。 如果要组合多个Trait,通过逗号分隔 Trait名称: use Trait1, Trait2; 如果多个Trait中包含同名方法或者属性时,会怎样呢?答案是当组合的多个Trait包含同名属性或者方法时,需要明确声明解决冲突,否则会产生一个致命错误。 <?php
trait Trait1 {
public function hello() {
echo "Trait1::hello
";
}
public function hi() {
echo "Trait1::hi
";
}
}
trait Trait2 {
public function hello() {
echo "Trait2::hello
";
}
public function hi() {
echo "Trait2::hi
";
}
}
class Class1 {
use Trait1, Trait2;
}
?>输出结果如下: 代码如下: PHP Fatal error: Trait method hello has not been applied, because there are collisions with other trait methods on Class1 in ~/php54/trait_3.php on line 20 使用insteadof和as来解决冲突,insteadof是使用某个方法替代另一个,而as是给方法取一个别名,具体用法请看代码: <?php
trait Trait1 {
public function hello() {
echo "Trait1::hello
";
}
public function hi() {
echo "Trait1::hi
";
}
}
trait Trait2 {
public function hello() {
echo "Trait2::hello
";
}
public function hi() {
echo "Trait2::hi
";
}
}
class Class1 {
use Trait1, Trait2 {
Trait2::hello insteadof Trait1;
Trait1::hi insteadof Trait2;
}
}
class Class2 {
use Trait1, Trait2 {
Trait2::hello insteadof Trait1;
Trait1::hi insteadof Trait2;
Trait2::hi as hei;
Trait1::hello as hehe;
}
}
$Obj1 = new Class1();
$Obj1->hello();
$Obj1->hi();
echo "
";
$Obj2 = new Class2();
$Obj2->hello();
$Obj2->hi();
$Obj2->hei();
$Obj2->hehe();
?>输出结果如下: Trait2::hello
Trait1::hi
Trait2::hello
Trait1::hi
Trait2::hi
Trait1::hello as关键词还有另外一个用途,那就是修改方法的: Trait 也能组合Trait,Trait中支持抽象方法、属性及静态方法,测试代码如下: <?php
trait Hello {
public function sayHello() {
echo "Hello
";
}
}
trait World {
use Hello;
public function sayWorld() {
echo "World
";
}
abstract public function getWorld();
public function inc() {
static $c = 0;
$c = $c + 1;
echo "$c
";
}
public static function doSomething() {
echo "Doing something
";
}
}
class HelloWorld {
use World;
public function getWorld() {
return 'get World';
}
}
$Obj = new HelloWorld();
$Obj->sayHello();
$Obj->sayWorld();
echo $Obj->getWorld() . "
";
HelloWorld::doSomething();
$Obj->inc();
$Obj->inc();
?>输出结果如下: Hello
World
get World
Doing something
1
2 |